Cephalexin ============ **PD Dialyzability**: Likely Pharmacokinetic Parameters [1]_ [2]_ -------------------------------------- ======= ====== /////// |pk| ======= ====== |pk1| |v1| |pk2| |v2| |pk3| |v3| |pk4| |v4| |pk5| |v5| |pk6| |v6| |pk7| |v7| ======= ====== CAPD Dosing: [3]_ [4]_ [5]_ [6]_ ----------------------------------- * 200mg PO daily CCPD Dosing: --------------------- * No literature identified. Extrapolate dosing from CAPD dosing recommendations. Indication Specific PD Dosing: ---------------------------------- * Peritonitis: Cephalexin 500mg PO QID [7]_ [8]_ (consider loading dose of 1000 mg PO) [9]_ [10]_ * Exit-Site and Tunnel Infections: Cephalexin 500mg PO BID-TID [7]_ [11]_ [12]_ * Dental, oral, or upper respiratory procedure prophylaxis: Cephalexin 500mg PO 1 hour preoperatively [13]_ Literature Summary: ---------------------- +--------+----------+--------------+------------+-------------------+ | Title | Patient | Intervention | Outcome | Note | +========+==========+==============+============+===================+ | |L1| | - |L2| | |L3| | - |L4| | |L5| | | [14]_ | - |L6| | | - |L7| | | | | - |L8| | | - |L9| | | +--------+----------+--------------+------------+-------------------+ | |L10| | - |L11| | |L12| | - |L13| | - |L14| | | [15]_ | - |L15| | | | - |L16| | | | - |L17| | | | | | | - |L18| | | | | +--------+----------+--------------+------------+-------------------+ References ------------ .. [1] Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Shrivastava S, Hassanali M, Stothard P, et al. DrugBank: a comprehensive resource for in silico drug discovery and exploration. Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 Jan 1;34(suppl_1):D668–72. .. [2] American Pharmacist Association. Drug information handbook: a comprehensive resource for all clinicians and healthcare professionals [Internet]. Hudson, Ohio: American Pharmacist association; 2012 [cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://online.lexi.com.login.ezproxy.library.ualberta.ca/lco/action/home?siteid=1 .. [3] Gilbert B, Robbins P, Livornese LL. Use of Antibacterial Agents in Renal Failure. Med Clin North Am. 2011;95(2):677–702. .. [4] Aronoff GR. Drug prescribing in renal failure: dosing guidelines for adults and children. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: American College of Physicians; 2007. .. [5] Adjusting oral antibiotics to estimated creatinine clearance [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jan 24]. Available from: http://www.vhpharmsci.com/VHFormulary/Tools/ADJUSTING%20ORAL%20ANTIBIOTICS.pdf .. [6] Piraino B, Bailie GR, Boeschoten E, Li PK, Szeto CC, Bernardini J, et al. Ispd Guidelines / Recommendations: Peritoneal dialysis-related infections recommendations: 2005 Update. Perit Dial Int. 2005;30:393–423. .. [7] Keane WF, Bailie GR, Boeschoten E, Gokal R, Golper T a, Holmes CJ, et al. ISPD Guidelines/Recommendations: Adult peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis treatment recommendations: 2000 Update. Perit Dial Int. 2000;20(May):396–411. .. [8] Murphy BF, Harris DC, Disney A, Ibels LS, Saltissi D, Rigby R, et al. Treatment of peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis–an Australian and New Zealand perspective. Aust N Z J Med. 1999;29(4):552–555. .. [9] Williams JD, Coles GA. CAPD Peritonitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 1992;1:165–174. .. [10] Drew PJT, Casewell MW, Desai N, Houang ET, Simpson CN, Marsh FP. Cephalexin for the oral treatment of CAPD peritonitis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1984;13:153–159. .. [11] Li PK-T, Szeto CC, Piraino B, Bernardini J, Figueiredo AE, Gupta A, et al. Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Infections Recommendations: 2010 Update. Perit Dial Int. 2010;30(4):393–423. .. [12] Szeto C-C, Li PK-T, Johnson DW, Bernardini J, Dong J, Figueiredo AE, et al. ISPD Catheter-Related Infection Recommendations: 2017 Update. Perit Dial Int. 2017 Mar 1;37(2):141–54. .. [13] Saxena R, West C. Peritoneal Dialysis: A Primary Care Perspective. J Am Board Fam Med. 2006;19(4):380–389. .. [14] Schiffl H, Mücke C, Lang SM. Exit-site infections by non-diphtheria corynebacteria in CAPD. Perit Dial Int J Int Soc Perit Dial. 2004;24(5):454–9. .. [15] Dresselaars HF, Zwart B, Pettersson AM, Rijnsburger MC. Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis of zoonotic origin , when minor gets major. Neth J Med. 2014;(10):551–553. .. |pk| replace:: Cephalexin .. |pk1| replace:: Molecular Weight (Da) .. |pk2| replace:: Plasma Protein Binding (%) .. |pk3| replace:: Volume of Distribution (L/Kg) .. |pk4| replace:: Hepatic Metabolism .. |pk5| replace:: Excreted Unchanged (%) .. |pk6| replace:: Half-Life; Normal Renal Function (hours) .. |pk7| replace:: Half-Life; ESRD (hours) .. |v1| replace:: 347.39 .. |v2| replace:: 20 .. |v3| replace:: 0.35 .. |v4| replace:: No appreciable biotransformation in the liver .. |v5| replace:: 98% .. |v6| replace:: 0.7 .. |v7| replace:: 16 .. |L1| replace:: Exit-site infections by non-diphtheria corynebacteria in CAPD. .. |L2| replace:: CAPD .. |L3| replace:: Cephalexin PO 2g (loading dose) followed by 500mg Q12H (maintenance dose) x 4 weeks in combined exit-site + tunnel infections. .. |L4| replace:: Normal exit-site appearance. .. |L5| replace:: No ADR reported .. |L6| replace:: 8 patients. .. |L7| replace:: Ultrasound examination. .. |L8| replace:: Confirmed *Corynebacterium* SPP exit-site infections and early superficial tunnel infections .. |L9| replace:: Follow up culture .. |L10| replace:: Peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis of zoonotic origin, when minor gets major. .. |L11| replace:: CAPD .. |L12| replace:: Cephalexin 500mg PO TID .. |L13| replace:: Clinical status (unspecified) .. |L14| replace:: Cephalexin co-administered with cefalotin 250mg QID IP .. |L15| replace:: 62 year old female patient. .. |L16| replace:: Patient further deteriorated and antibiotic therapy was switched to ciprofloxacin. .. |L17| replace:: Presenting with symptoms of abdominal discomfort and cloudy effluent. .. |L18| replace:: Diagnosed with peritonitis due to *Pastreurella multocida* and *Streptococcus minor*